chaalwise

Reference / Game theory

Nash equilibrium

Concept, intermediate

A set of choices where no player can do better by changing only their own.

Each player’s choice is a best answer to the others’. An equilibrium need not be good for anyone: in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, both betraying is the equilibrium, and both would prefer mutual cooperation.

Play it out: the Prisoner's Dilemma lab, about five minutes against bots.

Related

  • Prisoner's DilemmaTwo players each do better by betraying, yet both do better together if both cooperate.
  • Mixed strategyChoosing between options with set probabilities, so the other side cannot predict and exploit you.
  • Zero-sum gameA game where one player's gain is exactly the other's loss, like chess.

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